From 29 May until 30 June, ManiFeste 2013 festival and academy celebrated the music of contemporary European composers at multiple venues around Paris.

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Today, biology studies the living, notably via genetic information. Coded sequences and their annotations are the primary material of research laboratories. It is therefore primordial to bring this information together in an easily accessible database. We must convince scientists to communicate their results with the community, nourishing this central tool, without necessarily publishing these results in a journal.

This is the work that is carried out by the biocurator who aggregates and evangelizes for a given species. This new profession consists of working with specialists from other domains to establish a standard format. This effort of harmonization guarantees the longevity of this information and its growing use. Life science data have become strategic material in two decades; their administration has become an essential job. Especially if we take into account the increase of synthetic biology that aims to artificially create sequences.

Art-Science Think Tank: Friday, June 14

The mixed real-time musical work that associates musicians and computers involves an interaction that we would like to be at the same level as that of chamber musicians, is already obsolescent: machines and software are constantly renewed, compatibility was never truly assured. The necessity of preservation and its practical applications are above all controlled by the idea of performing the work again. Recording – the act of fixing a behavior that has the possibility of being multiple according to the qualities of the instrumental stimuli sent to the machines – is necessary but insufficient to reconstitute the machines used in the beginning.

Several complementary approaches will be presented: using the language Faust with mathematic formalism to describe the transformations carried out on the sound and create a paper documentation annexed to the partition without any technical implementation; the description of actions making it possible to perform the work again via databases or representations of this information; finally, the construction of musicological knowledge based on models of generation of sound in real-time.

Art-Science Think Tank: Friday, June 14

The amount of information that humans produce and want to store is increasing exponentially. The amount of digital information that people want to archive is also growing, but at present essentially no long-term archiving of digital information is taking place. This is because all current digital storage media require a constant cycle of refreshing both the storage medium and the ‘reading’ and ‘writing’ hardware.

Recent genome science-inspired advances in the technologies for reading and writing DNA led us to look at the possibility of using DNA as a digital archive medium. DNA has a 3-billion year proven pedigree as a stable information carrier, with individual 10,000-year-old DNA molecules routinely recovered from historical samples. Safe DNA storage conditions are easily maintained at low cost, and the ability to read DNA fragments will surely survive for as long as there are technologically-advanced humans inquisitive about the working of living organisms’ genomes.

In our proof-of-concept experiment, we showed how existing DNA technologies could be used to store and recover approximately 750kb of digital information in a manner that could be extrapolated to global data scales, incorporating modern methods such as error correcting codes for data integrity. This talk will describe this experiment, and will speculate on the future of DNA as a digital storage medium.

Art-Science Think Tank: Friday, June 14

The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radiometric tracking data received from the distances between20–70 astronomical units from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue frequency shift that can be interpreted as very small sunward acceleration for each spacecraft. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. In this talk, we will review some of the mechanisms proposed to explain the Pioneer anomaly and will focus on its recent investigation.

In this context, we will discuss our efforts to assemble the largest possible historic set of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radiometric Doppler data needed for the thorough investigation. These efforts resulted in a significant gain of the available Pioneer Doppler data, which became the primary source for our investigation of physical properties of the anomaly. We will also report on the recovery of spacecraft telemetry data that allowed reconstructing the engineering history of spacecraft. We will discuss the results obtained with our finite-element thermal model that was developed specifically for the Pioneer vehicles. This model was used to investigate the thermal nature of the puzzling effect using these telemetry files in conjunction with the analysis of the much extended Pioneer Doppler data. Finally, we will summarize the results of our investigation of the physical origin of the Pioneer anomaly.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 13

Mathematicians depend on having access to scientific texts for a much longer time than in more experimental disciplines. They have therefore organized a long-term system of publication, attached to a worldwide network of reference libraries. The translation of this organization into the digital paradigm raises a certain number of questions for which the Mathdoc unit has provided certain answers via services such as CEDRAM (platform for digital publication in LaTeX and XML/PDF), NUMDAM (a free digital library comprised of documents that come either from the digitization or direct acquisition of documents from publishers).

While these models are being developed internationally with the plan of creating broader access, new means of publication are being created; means that question the validity and reproducibility of results (associating traditional demonstrations data, algorithms, or computer code), creating new challenges for the conservation, duplication, and durability of results published this way.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 13

The Centre for Direct Scientific Communication (Centre pour la communication scientifique directe) is the CNRS department that created the open Hyper Articles Online HAL  (Hyper Articles en Ligne) archive in 2001. Based on the ArXiv model, it gathers deposits from scientists from higher education and research facilities, representing all scientific domains.

The protocol agreement signed in 2006 by universities and numerous other organizations that made HAL a common platform with international visibility was renewed in April 2013 as a part of the Très grande infrastructure recherche – bibliothèque scientifique numérique. This policy of openness resulted in evolutions of the system and the procedures that govern it. A better understanding of the possibilities created by digital technology and open-access enable the conception of new models between the Green Open Access and the gold access, notably that of epijournals offered by the Episciences.org project.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 13

Data are available in large quantities and in variable qualities, without one particular use at first sight. A fundamental question is knowing how to extract knowledge that is useful to both man and to machine (memories) from these huge masses. A similar question is that of being capable of manipulating different types of documents now available on the Internet based on their contents.

These are issues that are a part of the process of discovery (or extraction) of knowledge from masses of data. This type of process demands a more detailed preparation of the data and then an interpretation and representation of the extracted elements to be reused. Discovery is iterative and interactive, and must be based on knowledge from the data’s domain. Therefore, the discovery and representation of knowledge are two complementary processes – there is no searching without a model – that are the foundation of the conception of intelligent systems.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 13

Have we resolved the problem of preserving works now that, for the first time in history, we know how to duplicate informational goods at negligible cost? We could believe this, but the reality is very different. Closed formats and proprietary software make digital copies unexploitable, as do copy control technologies (DRM). The legal prohibition to make copies deprives us of the massive backup possibilities offered by libraries and personal Internet users’ multimedia libraries.  The concentration in the data centers of a few large companies recreates in the digital world the same vulnerability of the great library of Alexandria.

Using open forms and freeware and encouraging copying and sharing could solve these problems. With the condition of offering the creators of immaterial goods alternative mechanisms of remuneration: together, we will address a few.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 13

A worldwide review of the institutions involved in the preventative preservation of gaming software has resulted in a very short list, as the initiatives in this domain are rare. It will be interesting to discuss the tools and methods already put in place by communities of gaming enthusiasts despite anti-copy locks. The re-digitalization of titles has become a specialty.

We will also talk about the differences between software emulators (widespread today) and more complex material emulation to be developed. Material emulation will help us address the fourth subject of the presentation, dedicated to reproducing the physical systems able to read the original software or its re-digitalization. A good way to talk about a technology that is perfectly mastered is to open the perspectives: the Field-Programmable Gate Array. These logical circuits can be programmed and make it possible to bring back titles from the past with their original conditions of interactivity.

Art-Science Think Tank: Wednesday, June 12